/*
 * Copyright 2017 The Error Prone Authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.errorprone.bugpatterns;

import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet.toImmutableSet;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.getLast;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.getOnlyElement;
import static com.google.errorprone.BugPattern.SeverityLevel.WARNING;
import static com.google.errorprone.bugpatterns.Switches.isDefaultCaseForSkew;
import static com.google.errorprone.fixes.SuggestedFixes.compilesWithFix;
import static com.google.errorprone.matchers.Description.NO_MATCH;
import static com.google.errorprone.util.ASTHelpers.getStartPosition;
import static com.google.errorprone.util.ASTHelpers.getType;
import static com.google.errorprone.util.ASTHelpers.isSwitchDefault;
import static com.google.errorprone.util.Reachability.canCompleteNormally;
import static com.google.errorprone.util.Reachability.canFallThrough;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets.SetView;
import com.google.errorprone.BugPattern;
import com.google.errorprone.VisitorState;
import com.google.errorprone.bugpatterns.BugChecker.SwitchExpressionTreeMatcher;
import com.google.errorprone.bugpatterns.BugChecker.SwitchTreeMatcher;
import com.google.errorprone.fixes.SuggestedFix;
import com.google.errorprone.matchers.Description;
import com.google.errorprone.util.ASTHelpers;
import com.sun.source.tree.BreakTree;
import com.sun.source.tree.CaseTree;
import com.sun.source.tree.IdentifierTree;
import com.sun.source.tree.StatementTree;
import com.sun.source.tree.SwitchExpressionTree;
import com.sun.source.tree.SwitchTree;
import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol.TypeSymbol;
import java.util.List;
import javax.lang.model.element.ElementKind;

/** A {@link BugChecker}; see the associated {@link BugPattern} annotation for details. */
@BugPattern(
    summary =
        "Switch handles all enum values: an explicit default case is unnecessary and defeats error"
            + " checking for non-exhaustive switches.",
    severity = WARNING)
public class UnnecessaryDefaultInEnumSwitch extends BugChecker
    implements SwitchTreeMatcher, SwitchExpressionTreeMatcher {

  private static final String DESCRIPTION_MOVED_DEFAULT =
      "Switch handles all enum values: move code from the default case to execute after the "
          + "switch statement to enable checking for non-exhaustive switches. "
          + "That is, prefer: `switch (...) { ... } throw new AssertionError();` to "
          + "`switch (...) { ... default: throw new AssertionError(); }`";

  private static final String DESCRIPTION_REMOVED_DEFAULT =
      "Switch handles all enum values: the default case can be omitted to enable enforcement "
          + "at compile-time that the switch statement is exhaustive.";

  private static final String DESCRIPTION_UNRECOGNIZED =
      "Switch handles all enum values except for `UNRECOGNIZED`. The default case can be changed "
          + "to `UNRECOGNIZED` to enable compile-time enforcement that the switch statement is "
          + "exhaustive";

  @Override
  public Description matchSwitchExpression(SwitchExpressionTree tree, VisitorState state) {
    TypeSymbol switchType = getType(tree.getExpression()).asElement();
    if (switchType.getKind() != ElementKind.ENUM) {
      return NO_MATCH;
    }
    CaseTree defaultCase =
        tree.getCases().stream().filter(c -> isSwitchDefault(c)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    if (defaultCase == null) {
      return NO_MATCH;
    }
    if (isDefaultCaseForSkew(tree, defaultCase, state)) {
      // default is explicitly commented as being present for skew, it can stay.
      return NO_MATCH;
    }
    SetView<String> unhandledCases = unhandledCases(tree.getCases(), switchType);
    if (unhandledCases.equals(ImmutableSet.of("UNRECOGNIZED"))) {
      // switch handles all values of a proto-generated enum except for 'UNRECOGNIZED'.
      return buildDescription(defaultCase)
          .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_UNRECOGNIZED)
          .addFix(
              SuggestedFix.replace(
                  getStartPosition(defaultCase),
                  getStartPosition(defaultCase.getBody()),
                  "case UNRECOGNIZED -> "))
          .build();
    }
    if (unhandledCases.isEmpty()) {
      // switch is exhaustive, remove the default if we can.
      return buildDescription(defaultCase)
          .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_REMOVED_DEFAULT)
          .addFix(SuggestedFix.delete(defaultCase))
          .build();
    }
    // switch is non-exhaustive, default can stay.
    return NO_MATCH;
  }

  @Override
  public Description matchSwitch(SwitchTree switchTree, VisitorState state) {
    // Only look at enum switches.
    TypeSymbol switchType = getType(switchTree.getExpression()).asElement();
    if (switchType.getKind() != ElementKind.ENUM) {
      return NO_MATCH;
    }

    // Extract default case and the one before it.
    CaseTree caseBeforeDefault = null;
    CaseTree defaultCase = null;
    for (CaseTree caseTree : switchTree.getCases()) {
      if (isSwitchDefault(caseTree)) {
        defaultCase = caseTree;
        break;
      } else {
        caseBeforeDefault = caseTree;
      }
    }
    if (caseBeforeDefault == null || defaultCase == null) {
      return NO_MATCH;
    }

    SetView<String> unhandledCases = unhandledCases(switchTree, switchType);
    if (unhandledCases.equals(ImmutableSet.of("UNRECOGNIZED"))) {
      // switch handles all values of a proto-generated enum except for 'UNRECOGNIZED'.
      return fixUnrecognized(switchTree, defaultCase, state);
    }

    if (!unhandledCases.isEmpty()) {
      // switch is non-exhaustive, default can stay.
      return NO_MATCH;
    }

    if (isDefaultCaseForSkew(switchTree, defaultCase, state)) {
      // default is explicitly commented as being present for skew, it can stay.
      return NO_MATCH;
    }

    // switch is exhaustive, remove the default if we can.
    return fixDefault(switchTree, caseBeforeDefault, defaultCase, state);
  }

  private Description fixDefault(
      SwitchTree switchTree, CaseTree caseBeforeDefault, CaseTree defaultCase, VisitorState state) {
    List<? extends StatementTree> defaultStatements = defaultCase.getStatements();
    if (defaultStatements == null) {
      SuggestedFix fix = SuggestedFix.delete(defaultCase);
      return compilesWithFix(fix, state)
          ? buildDescription(defaultCase)
              .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_REMOVED_DEFAULT)
              .addFix(fix)
              .build()
          : NO_MATCH;
    }
    if (trivialDefault(defaultStatements)) {
      // deleting `default:` or `default: break;` is a no-op
      return buildDescription(defaultCase)
          .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_REMOVED_DEFAULT)
          .addFix(SuggestedFix.delete(defaultCase))
          .build();
    }
    String defaultContents = getDefaultCaseContents(defaultCase, defaultStatements, state);
    if (!canCompleteNormally(switchTree)) {
      // if the switch statement cannot complete normally, then deleting the default
      // and moving its statements to after the switch statement is a no-op
      SuggestedFix fix =
          SuggestedFix.builder()
              .postfixWith(switchTree, defaultContents)
              .delete(defaultCase)
              .build();
      return buildDescription(defaultCase)
          .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_MOVED_DEFAULT)
          .addFix(fix)
          .build();
    }
    // The switch is already exhaustive, we want to delete the default.
    // There are a few modes we need to handle:
    // 1) switch (..) {
    //      case FOO:
    //      default: doWork();
    //    }
    //    In this mode, we need to lift the statements from 'default' into FOO, otherwise
    //    we change the code.  This mode also captures any variation of statements in FOO
    //    where any of them would fall-through (e.g, if (!bar)  { break; } ) -- if bar is
    //    true then we'd fall through.
    //
    //  2) switch (..) {
    //       case FOO: break;
    //       default: doDefault();
    //     }
    //     In this mode, we can safely delete 'default'.
    //
    //  3) var x;
    //     switch (..) {
    //       case FOO: x = 1; break;
    //       default: x = 2;
    //     }
    //     doWork(x);
    //     In this mode, we can't delete 'default' because javac analysis requires that 'x'
    //     must be set before using it.

    //  To solve this, we take the approach of:
    //  Try deleting the code entirely.  If it fails to compile, we've broken (3) -> no match.
    //  Try lifting the code to the prior case statement.  If it fails to compile, we had (2)
    //  and the code is unreachable -- so use (2) as the strategy.  Otherwise, use (1).
    if (!compilesWithFix(SuggestedFix.delete(defaultCase), state)) {
      return NO_MATCH; // case (3)
    }
    if (!canFallThrough(caseBeforeDefault)) {
      // case (2) -- If the case before the default can't fall through,
      // it's OK to to delete the default.
      return buildDescription(defaultCase)
          .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_REMOVED_DEFAULT)
          .addFix(SuggestedFix.delete(defaultCase))
          .build();
    }
    // case (1) -- If it can complete, we need to merge the default into it.
    SuggestedFix.Builder fix = SuggestedFix.builder().delete(defaultCase);
    fix.postfixWith(caseBeforeDefault, defaultContents);
    return buildDescription(defaultCase)
        .setMessage(DESCRIPTION_REMOVED_DEFAULT)
        .addFix(fix.build())
        .build();
  }

  private Description fixUnrecognized(
      SwitchTree switchTree, CaseTree defaultCase, VisitorState state) {
    List<? extends StatementTree> defaultStatements = defaultCase.getStatements();
    Description.Builder unrecognizedDescription =
        buildDescription(defaultCase).setMessage(DESCRIPTION_UNRECOGNIZED);
    if (defaultStatements == null) {
      SuggestedFix fix =
          SuggestedFix.replace(defaultCase.getLabels().getFirst(), "case UNRECOGNIZED");
      return compilesWithFix(fix, state) ? unrecognizedDescription.addFix(fix).build() : NO_MATCH;
    }
    if (trivialDefault(defaultStatements)) {
      // the default case is empty or contains only `break` -- replace it with `case UNRECOGNIZED:`
      // with fall out.
      SuggestedFix fix =
          SuggestedFix.replace(defaultCase, "case UNRECOGNIZED: \n // continue below");
      return unrecognizedDescription.addFix(fix).build();
    }
    String defaultContents = getDefaultCaseContents(defaultCase, defaultStatements, state);
    if (!canCompleteNormally(switchTree)) {
      // the switch statement cannot complete normally -- replace default with
      // `case UNRECOGNIZED: break;` and move content of default case to after the switch tree.
      SuggestedFix fix =
          SuggestedFix.builder()
              .replace(defaultCase, "case UNRECOGNIZED: \n break;")
              .postfixWith(switchTree, defaultContents)
              .build();
      return unrecognizedDescription.addFix(fix).build();
    }

    SuggestedFix fix = SuggestedFix.replace(defaultCase, "case UNRECOGNIZED:" + defaultContents);
    if (!compilesWithFix(fix, state)) {
      // code in the default case can't be deleted -- no fix available.
      return NO_MATCH;
    }

    // delete default and move its contents into `UNRECOGNIZED` case.
    return unrecognizedDescription.addFix(fix).build();
  }

  /** Returns true if the default is empty, or contains only a break statement. */
  private static boolean trivialDefault(List<? extends StatementTree> defaultStatements) {
    if (defaultStatements.isEmpty()) {
      return true;
    }
    return (defaultStatements.size() == 1
        && getOnlyElement(defaultStatements) instanceof BreakTree);
  }

  private static SetView<String> unhandledCases(SwitchTree tree, TypeSymbol switchType) {
    return unhandledCases(tree.getCases(), switchType);
  }

  private static SetView<String> unhandledCases(
      List<? extends CaseTree> cases, TypeSymbol switchType) {
    ImmutableSet<String> handledCases =
        cases.stream()
            .flatMap(e -> e.getExpressions().stream())
            .filter(IdentifierTree.class::isInstance)
            .map(p -> ((IdentifierTree) p).getName().toString())
            .collect(toImmutableSet());
    return Sets.difference(ASTHelpers.enumValues(switchType), handledCases);
  }

  private static String getDefaultCaseContents(
      CaseTree defaultCase, List<? extends StatementTree> defaultStatements, VisitorState state) {
    CharSequence sourceCode = state.getSourceCode();
    if (sourceCode == null) {
      return "";
    }
    String defaultSource =
        sourceCode
            .subSequence(
                getStartPosition(defaultStatements.getFirst()),
                state.getEndPosition(getLast(defaultStatements)))
            .toString();
    String initialComments = comments(defaultCase, defaultStatements, sourceCode);
    return initialComments + defaultSource;
  }

  /** Returns the comments between the "default:" case and the first statement within it, if any. */
  private static String comments(
      CaseTree defaultCase,
      List<? extends StatementTree> defaultStatements,
      CharSequence sourceCode) {
    // If there are no statements, then there can be no comments that we strip,
    // because comments are attached to the statements, not the "default:" case.
    if (defaultStatements.isEmpty()) {
      return "";
    }
    // To extract the comments, we have to get the source code from
    // "default:" to the first statement, and then strip off "default:", because
    // we have no way of identifying the end position of just the "default:" statement.
    int defaultStart = getStartPosition(defaultCase);
    int statementStart = getStartPosition(defaultStatements.getFirst());
    String defaultAndComments = sourceCode.subSequence(defaultStart, statementStart).toString();
    String comments =
        defaultAndComments
            .substring(defaultAndComments.indexOf("default:") + "default:".length())
            .trim();
    if (!comments.isEmpty()) {
      comments = "\n" + comments + "\n";
    }
    return comments;
  }
}
