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\title{Linux Information Sheet ¤¤Ä¶ª©}
\author{§@ªÌ: Michael K. Johnson {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{johnsonm@redhat.com}}\\ 
Ä¶ªÌ: \onlynameurl{¶À§Ó°¶} {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw}}}
\date{v4.14, 1 September 1998
Â½Ä¶¤é´Á: 30 September 1998}
\abstract{¥»¤å¥ó´£¨Ñ Linux §@·~¨t²Îªº°ò¥»¸ê°T¡A¥]¬A¸ÑÄÀ¤°»ò¬O Linux¡A¯S©Ê¦Cªí¡A¤@¨Ç»Ý¨D¡A¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç¸ê·½¡C}


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\section{Linux ªºÂ²¤¶}

Linux ¬O POSIX ³W®æªº§¹¾ã­«·s¹ê§@¡A¦³µÛ SYSV ¤Î BSD ÂX¥R¡A(³oªí¥Ü¥¦¬Ý°_¨Ó¤Î¹B§@¤W´N¹³ Unix¡A¦ý¤£¥]§t¬Û¦Pªº°òÂ¦­ì©lµ{¦¡½X)¡A¥i¥H­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤Î¤G¶i¦ì°õ¦æÀÉ¨âºØ§Î¦¡¨ú±o¡C
¥¦ªºª©ÅvÄÝ©ó Linus Torvalds $<$\onlynameurl{torvalds@transmeta.com}$>$¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº°^ÄmªÌ¡A¦b GNU General Public License (GPL) ¤U¥i¦Û¥Ñªº´²§G¡C
GPL ªº¤@¥÷«þ¨©¥]§t¦b Linux ­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¸Ì¡A§A¤]¥i¥H¦Û \nameurl{ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/COPYING}{} ¨ú±o¤@¥÷«þ¨©¡C

{\bfseries Linux}, ¥»½è¤W¨Ó»¡¡A¥u¬O§@·~¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß¡A´N¬O±±¨îµwÅé¡AºÞ²zÀÉ®×¡A¦æµ{µ¥µ¥¡C
¦³¼ÆºØ±N Linux ¤Î¤u¨ãµ{¦¡©MÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶°²Õ¦X¦¨ªº¤@­Ó§¹¾ã§@·~¨t²Î¡C¦p¦¹ªº²Õ¦X¥s°µ Linux ªº¤@­Ó {\bfseries µo¦æ®M¥ó(distribution)}.
{\bfseries Linux} ³o­Ó¦r¡AÁöµM´NÄY®æªº·N¸q¨Ó»¡¬O«ü¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦ý³o¦r¤]¼sªx¦Ó¥¿½T¦a¥Î¨Ó«ü©ú§Q¥Î Linux ®Ö¤ß«Øºcªº¾ã­Ó§@·~¨t²Î¡C
Ãö©ó¤£¦Pµo¦æ®M¥óªº¦Cªí¤ÎÂ²µu´y­z¥i¨£ \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html}{}.
{\bfseries ¨S¦³}¤@ºØ®M¥ó¥i¥H¥s°µ¬O``¥¿¦¡ªº Linux''.

Linux {\bfseries ¤£¬O}¤½¯q³nÅé¡A¥¦¤]¤£¬O¦@¨É³nÅé(shareware)¡C
¥¦¬O`§K¶O'³nÅé¡A³q±`¥s°µ {\bfseries freeware}¡A©Î¬O{\bfseries ¶}©ñ©Ê­ì©l½X}(Open Source Software){[}tm], °Ñ¨£ \onlynameurl{http://www.opensource.org}),
¦Ó§A¥i¥H°e¤H©Î³c¶R«þ¨©¡A¦ý§A¥²¶·¥]§t­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡A©Î¬OÅýµ{¦¡½X¥i¥Ñ§A°e¥X©Î³c¶R°õ¦æÀÉ¬Û¦Pªº¤è¦¡¨ú±o¡C
¦pªG§A´²§G¥ô¦óªº­×§ï¡A§A¥²¶·´²§G³o¨Ç­×§ïªºµ{¦¡½X¡C¸Ô±¡½Ð¨£ GNU General Public License¡C

Linux ¦b 2.0 ª©¤´µM¬O§K¶Oªº¡A¦Ó¥B¤´·|¤@ª½¬O§K¶Oªº¡C¥Ñ©ó Linux ¿í´` GPL ªºÃö«Y¡AÅý¥¦ÅÜ¦¨«D§K¶O¬O¤£¦Xªkªº¡C
¯S§Oª`·N: `§K¶O'ªº³¡¥÷¬O«ü¤£»Ý¥Îª÷¿ú¨ÓÀò±o­ì©lµ{¦¡½X; ´²§G Linux ¦Ó¦¬¨ú¶O¥Î¬O§¹¥þ¦Xªkªº¡A§Y¨Ï§A³s¦P­ì©lµ{¦¡¤@°_´²§G¡C
³o¬O¼s¸qªº±À½×; ¦pªG§A·Qª¾¹D²Ó¸`¡A½Ð¾\Åª GPL¡C

Linux ¥i¦b¨ã ISA, EISA, PCI ¤Î VLB ¶×¬y±Æªº 386/486/Pentium ¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ¡C
MCA (IBM ±M§Qªº¶×¬y±Æ)¦b 2.0.x ¤Î§ó¦­ªºª©¥»¤WÁÙ¥¼§¹¥þ¤ä´©¡A¦ý¥Ø«eµo®i¤¤ªº®Ö¤ß 2.1.x ¤w¸g¥[¤J¤ä´©¤F¡C
¦pªG§A¦³¿³½ì¡A½Ð¬Ý \nameurl{http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca}{}¡C

¦³¤@­Ó²¾´Ó¨ì¦h­« Motorola 680x0 ¥­¥x(¥Ø«e¦b¤@¨Ç Amigas, Ataris, ¤Î VME ¾÷¾¹¤W°õ¦æ)ªºª©¥»¡A¹B§@±o¬Û·í¨}¦n¡C
¥¦»Ý­n¨ã MMU ªº 68020, 68030, 68040, ©Î¬O¤@ 68060, ¦Ó¥B¤]»Ý­n¤@­Ó FPU. ºô¸ô¤Î X µøµ¡¥Ø«e³£¥i¹B§@¡C½Ð¨£ \nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.m68k}{}¡C

Linux ¦b DEC's Alpha CPU ¤W°õ¦æ±o«Ü¦n¡A¥Ø«e¤ä´© "Jensen", "NoName", "Cabriolet", "Universal Desktop Box" (¥H Multia ¸ûª¾¦W)¡A¤Î³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªº¥­¥x¡C
·Q¤F¸Ñ§ó¦h¸ê°T¡A°Ñ¨£ \nameurl{http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/FAQ.html}{}¡C

Linux ¤]¦b Sun SPARCs ¤W°õ¦æ±o«Ü¦n; ³\¦h sun4c, sun4m ¤Î sun4u ¾÷¾¹²{¦b°õ¦æ Linux¡A¦Ó sun4 ªº¤ä´©¥¿¦bµo®i¤¤¡C
Red Hat Linux ¬O(¦b¥»¤å¼g§@®É)¬O°ß¤@¥i¦b SPARCs ¤W°õ¦æªº Linux ®M¥ó; °Ñ¨£ \nameurl{http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl-sparc/}{}¡C

Linux ¥¿³Q²¾´Ó¨ì PowerPC ¬[ºc¤W¡A¥]¬A PowerMac (Nubus ¤Î PCI), Motorola, IBM ¤Î Be ¾÷¾¹¡C
°Ñ¨£ \nameurl{http://www.cs.nmt.edu/~linuxppc/}{} ¥H¤Î \nameurl{http://www.linuxppc.org/}{}¡C

²¾´Ó¨ì¨ä¥¦ªº¾÷¾¹¡A¥]¬A MIPS (°Ñ¨£ \nameurl{http://linus.linux.sgi.com/}{} ¤Î \nameurl{http://lena.fnet.fr/}{}) ¤Î ARM, ¥¿¦b­pµe¤¤¦Ó¥B¤w¦³³\¦hªº¶i®i¡C
§O´Á±æ¤Ó°ª¡A¦ý¦pªG§A¦³¿³½ì¦Ó¥B·QºÉ¤@¥÷¤O¡A§A±N·|µo²{¨ä¥¦ªºµo®iªÌÄ@·N»P§A¦@¦P¤u§@¡C

Linux ¦Û 1994 ¦~¤T¤ë¤Q¥|¸¹µoªí²Ä¤@ª©¥H¨Ó¤w¤£¦A»{¬°¬O¦b beta ´ú¸Õ¶¥¬q¡C
¨t²Î¤¤¤´¦³¿ù»~¡A¦Ó¥B·sªº¿ù»~±N«ùÄò¥X²{¡A¨Ã¥BÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº¶i¦æ¦Ó³Q­×¥¿¡C
¦]¬° Linux ¿í´`¤F``¶}©ñµo®i¼Ò«¬(open development model)''¡A©Ò¦³·sªºª©¥»³£±N³Q¤½¶}µoªí¡A¤£½×¥¦­Ì¬O§_³Q»{¬°¨ã¦³``²£«~«~½è''¡C
µM¦Ó¡A¬°¤FÀ°§U¤H­Ì¤À¿ë¥L­Ì¬O§_¨ú±o¤@Ã­©wªºª©¥»¡A¦p¤Uªº¤è®×³Q±Ä¥Î:
ª©¥» n.x.y, ¨ä¤¤ x ¬O¤@°¸¼Æ¡A¬OÃ­©wªºª©¥»¡A¦Ó¥B·í y ¼W¥[®É¥u¦³¿ù»~­×¥¿·|¥[¶i¥h¡C
¦]¦¹±q 1.2.2 ¨ì 1.2.3, ¨ä¤¤¥u¦³¿ù»~­×¥¿¡A¦Ó¨S¦³·sªº¯S©Ê¡C
ª©¥» n.x.y, ¨ä¤¤ x ¬O©_¼Æ¡A¬Oµ¹µo®iªÌ beta ©Ê½èªºµoªí¡A¥i¯à¤£Ã­©w¦Ó¥B¥i¯à·í±¼¡AÁÙ¦³ÀH®É¥i¯à¦³·sªº¯S©Ê¥[¤J¡C
ÀHµÛ®É¶¡¶i®i¡A¥Ø«eµo®iªº®Ö¤ß³vº¥Ã­©w¡A¥¦±N³Q­áµ²¬°·sªº``Ã­©w''®Ö¤ß¡A¦Óµo®i±N·|¦b¤@·sª©¥»ªº®Ö¤ßÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡C
ª`·N¤j³¡¥÷µoªí¥X¨Óªº Linux ®Ö¤ß¡A¤£½×¬O§_¬° beta ª©¥»¡A³£¬O¬Û·í±j©Tªº(robust);
``Ã­©w(stable)''¦b¥»¤å¤¤°£¤F``±j©T(robust)''¤§·N¥~¡AÁÙ¦³``§ïÅÜ±o«ÜºC''ªº·N«ä¡C

¥Ø«eÃ­©wªº®Ö¤ß¬O 2.0.35 (·í·sªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤Î¿ù»~­×¥¿¥[¤J®É³o·|Ä~Äò§ïÅÜ)¡A¦Ó¹êÅçªº 2.1.x ®Ö¤ß¤]¤w¸g¶}©lµo®i¡C
Linux ®Ö¤ßªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤¤¤]¥]§t¤F¤@­ÓÀÉ®×, Documentation/Changes, ¸ÑÄÀ§A¾ã¬Y¤@®Ö¤ß§ó·s¨ì¥t¤@®Ö¤ß®ÉÀ³ª`·Nªº§ïÅÜ¡C
µM¦Ó¡A¤j³¡¥÷ªº Linux ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥u¬O°¸º¸Â²³æ¦a¤É¯Å¥L­Ìªº®M¥ó´N¥i¥H±o¨ì¤@·sª©¥»ªº®Ö¤ß¡C

¤j³¡¥÷ªº Linux ª©¥»¡A¤£½×¬O§_¬° beta ª©¡A³£¬Û·íªºÃ­©w¡A¦Ó¥B¦pªG¥¦¯à²Å¦X§Aªº»Ý­n§A¤´¥iÄ~Äò¨Ï¥Î¤U¥h¦Ó¤£¥²·P¨ìÃø¹L(? on the bleeding edge)¡C
¦³¤@­Ó¯¸¥x°õ¦æ 0.97p1 (±q 1992 ¦~®L¤Ñ°_)¶W¹L 136 ¤Ñ¦Ó¨S¦³¤@¼Ë¿ù»~©Î·í±¼¡C(¥¦ÁÙ¥i«ùÄò§ó¤[¦pªG¤£¬O¦]¬°§U²z¾Þ§@­û¾Þ§@¹q·½¥¢·í...)
¨ä¥¦¤HÁÙ³ø§i¹L¶W¹L¤@¦~ªº¶}¾÷®É¶¡ªº¡C³Ìªñ¤@¶µ³ø§i¦³¤@­Ó¯¸¥x°õ¦æ Linux 0.99p15s ¶W¹L 600 ¤Ñªº¡C

¦³¤@¥ó­È±oª`·Nªº¨Æ¬O Linux ¬O¥H¶}©ñ¥B¤À´²¼Ò¦¡µo®iªº¡A¦Ó«D¹³³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªº³nÅéªº«Ê³¬¥B¶°¤¤¼Ò¦¡¡C
³oªí¥Ü¥Ø«eµo®iªºª©¥»Á`¬O¤½¶}ªº(³Ì¦h¦³¤@¬P´Á¨ì¨â¬P´Áªº©µ¿ð)¦]¦¹¥ô¦ó¤H¬Ò¥i¨Ï¥Î¡C
³oµ²ªG¬O¨C·í¤@¨ã¦³·s¥\¯àªºª©¥»µoªí®É¡A¥¦´X¥GÁ`¬O¥]§t¦³¿ù»~ªº¡A¦ý¥¦¤]¾É­P¤@«D±`§Ö³tªºµo®i¦]¦Ó¿ù»~«Ü§Ö¦a³Qµo²{¥B­×¥¿¡A³q±`¦b¼Æ¤p®É¤º¡A¦]¬°³\¦h¤J§V¤O¥h­×¥¿¥¦­Ì¡C

¬Û¹ï¦a¡A«Ê³¬¦Ó¶°¤¤ªº¼Ò¦¡·N«ü¥u¦³¤@­Ó¤H©Î¤@¹Î¶¤¬°¦¹­pµe¤u§@¡A¦Ó¥¦­Ì¥uµoªí¥L­Ì»{¬°¹B§@±o«Ü¦nªº³nÅé¡C
³q±`³o·|¾É­P¸ûªøªºµo®i¶g´Á¡A¸ûªøµ¥«Ýªº¿ù»~­×¥¿¡AÁÙ¦³¸ûºCªºµo®i¡C
¦p¦¹³nÅé³Ì«á¤½¶}µoªíªºª©¥»¦³®É·|¦³§ó¦nªº«~½è¡A¦ýµo®iªº³t«×¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¬OºC³\¦hªº¡C

Ãö©ó³o¨âºØ¼Ò¦¡ªº°Q½×¡A½Ð¨£ Eric Raymond ªº ``±Ð°ó»P¥«¶°ªºµo®i¼Ò¦¡(The Cathedral and the Bazaar, \onlynameurl{http://sagan.earthspace.net/\~{}esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/})'' ¤@¤å¡C

¦b 1998 ¤E¤ë¤@¸¹¬°¤î¡A¥Ø«e Linux ªºÃ­©wª©¥»¬O 2.0.35, ¦Ó³Ì·sµo®i¤¤ªºª©¥»¬O 2.1.119.




\section{Linux ªº¯S©Ê}

\begin{itemize}
\item ¦h¤u: ¼Æ­Óµ{¦¡¥i¦P®É°õ¦æ¡C
\item ¦h¨Ï¥ÎªÌ: ¼Æ¦ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¦P®É¦b¬Û¦P¾÷¾¹¤W(¦Ó¥B{\bfseries ¨S¦³}Âù¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±ÂÅv!)¡C
\item ¦h¥­¥x: ¥i¦b³\¦h¤£¦P CPUs ¤W°õ¦æ¡A¤£¥u¬O Intel.
\item ¦h³B²z¾¹: SMP ¤ä´©¦b Intel ¤Î SPARC ¥­¥x¤W¥i¥Î(¨ä¥¦¥­¥x¥¿µo®i¤¤)¡A
¦Ó¥B Linux ¤]¨Ï¥Î¦b¼Æ­Ó²¨µ²ªº(loosely-coupled) MP À³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¥]¬A Beowulf ¨t²Î¤W(¨£ \nameurl{http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux-web/beowulf/beowulf.html}{}) ¤Î Fujitsu AP1000+ SPARC-based ¶W¯Å¹q¸£¤W¡C
\item ¦h°õ¦æºü: ¤º«Ø®Ö¤ß¤ä´©¦b³æ¤@¦æµ{ªº°O¾ÐªÅ¶¡¤¤ªº¦h­Ó¿W¥ß°õ¦æºü¡C
\item ¦b 386 ¤W¥H«OÅ@¼Ò¦¡°õ¦æ¡C
\item ¨ã¦æµ{¶¡°O¾ÐÅé«OÅ@¡A¦]¦¹¤@­Óµ{¦¡¤£·|Åý¾ã­Ó¨t²Î·í±¼¡C
\item ¨Ì»Ý¨D¸ü¤J°õ¦æÀÉ: Linux ¥u±qºÏºÐ¾÷¤WÅª¤J¤@­Óµ{¦¡¯u¥¿»Ý­nªº³¡¥÷¡C
\item °õ¦æÀÉªº¦@¨É¦¡¼g¤J®É«þ¨©(copy-on-write)¤À­¶¾÷¨î¡C³o´N¬O»¡¦h¦æµ{¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¬Û¦Pªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ó°õ¦æ¡C
¦pªG¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¹Á¦¡¼g¤J¨º¶ô°O¾ÐÅé¡A¨º¤@­¶(4KB ªº°O¾ÐÅé)·|³Q«þ¨©¨ì¨ä¥¦¦a¤è¥h¡C¼g¤J®É«þ¨©¦³¨â¶µ¦n³B: ¼W¥[³t«×¤Î­°§C°O¾ÐÅé¨Ï¥Î¶q¡C
\item µêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¨Ï¥Î¤À­¶¼g¤JºÏºÐ(¦Ó«D¾ã­Ó¦æµ{¥æ´«¦ÜºÏºÐ): ¦Ü¤@¿W¥ßªº¤À³Î°Ï©ÎÀÉ®×¨t²Î¤Wªº¤@­ÓÀÉ®×¡A©Î¨âªÌ¬Ò¥i¡A¦Ó¥B¦b°õ¦æ®É´Á¥i¥H¼W¥[¥æ´«°Ï(¬Oªº¡A¥¦­Ì¤´¥s°µ¥æ´«°Ï¡Aswapping areas)¡C
Á`¦@¤Q¤»­Ó 128MB (³Ì·sªº®Ö¤ß¤¤¬O 2GB)ªº¥æ´«°Ï¥i¥H¦P®É³Q¨Ï¥Î¡A²z½×¤W¥i¹F¦@ 2GB ªº¥i¥Î¥æ´«ªÅ¶¡¡C¦pªG»Ý­n¼W¥[ªº¸Ü¡A¥u­n§ï´X¦æµ{¦¡½X´N¦æ¡C
\item ¨Ï¥ÎªÌµ{¦¡¤ÎºÏºÐ§Ö¨ú¨Ï¥Î²Î¤@ªº°O¾ÐÅé¦À(memory pool)¡A¦]¦¹©Ò¦³¥¼¨Ï¥Îªº°O¾ÐÅé¥i¥Î¨Ó·í°µ§Ö¨ú¤§¥Î¡A¦Ó§Ö¨ú¶q¦b°õ¦æ¤jµ{¦¡®É¥i¥H´î¤Ö¡C
\item °ÊºA³sµ²µ{¦¡®w(DLL's)¡A·íµM¡A¤]¦³ÀRºAµ{¦¡®w¡C
\item ¥i°µ core dumps ¥H¬°¨Æ«áªº¤ÀªR¡A¤£¶È¤¹³\¦b¤@µ{¦¡°õ¦æ®É¨Ï¥Î°»¿ù¾¹(debugger)¡A¤]¥i¦b¥¦·í±¼¤§«á¡C
\item »P POSIX, System V, ¤Î BSD ¦b­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¼h¦¸¤W¤j³¡¥÷¬Û®e¡C
\item ¸g¥Ñ iBCS2-compliant ¼ÒÀÀ¼Ò²Õ¡A¯à»P SCO, SVR3, ¤Î SVR4 ¦b¤G¶i¦ì°õ¦æÀÉ¤W¤j³¡¥÷¬Û®e¡C
\item ©Ò¦³ªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X³£¥i¨ú±o¡A¥]¬A¾ã­Ó®Ö¤ß¤Î©Ò¦³ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡Aµo®i¤u¨ã¤Î©Ò¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌµ{¦¡; ÁÙ¦³¡A©Ò¦³³o¨Ç³£¥i¦Û¥Ñ¦a´²§G¡C
¤j¶qªº°Ó·~µ{¦¡¤]´£¨Ñµ¹ Linux ¦Ó¨S¦³µ{¦¡½X¡A¦ý©Ò¦³¤w¸g¬O§K¶OªºªF¦è¡A¥]¬A¾ã­Ó°ò¥»ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¤´µM¬O§K¶Oªº¡C
\item POSIX ¤u§@±±¨î¡C
\item pseudoterminals (pty's).
\item ®Ö¤ßªº 387 ¼ÒÀÀ¡A¦]¦¹µ{¦¡¤£»Ý­n¦Û¦æ°µ¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ¡C¨C¤@³¡°õ¦æ Linux ªº¾÷¾¹¬Ý°_¨Ó³£¦³¼Æ¾Ç»²§U³B²z¾¹¡C
·íµM¡A¦pªG§Aªº¹q¸£¤w¸g¥]§t¤@­Ó FPU, ¥¦·|³Q¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¤£¥Î¼ÒÀÀªº¡A¦Ó§A¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H½sÄ¶®Ö¤ß±N¼Æ¾Ç¹Bºâ¼ÒÀÀ®³±¼¥H´î¤Ö°O¾ÐÅéªº¨Ï¥Î¡C
\item ¤ä´©³\¦h°ê»Ú©Î¦Û­qªºÁä½L¡A¦Ó¥B«Ü®e©ö°ÊºA¦a¥[¤J·sªº¡C
\item ¦h­«µêÀÀ¥D±±¥x: ¼Æ­Ó¸g¥Ñ¥D±±¥x¿W¥ßªºÃ±¤J(login)µ{§Ç¡A§A¥i¥H«ö¤U¼öÁä¨Ó¤Á´«(»Pµø°TµwÅéµLÃö)¡C
³o¨Ç¥i¥H°ÊºA¦a¼W¥[; §A³Ì¦h¥i¥Î 64 ­Ó¡C
\item ¤ä´©¼ÆºØ´¶³qªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¡A¥]¬A¤F minix, Xenix, ¤Î©Ò¦³´¶³qªº System V ÀÉ®×¨t²Î¡A¦Ó¥B¦Û¤v¦³¤@­Ó¥ý¶iªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¡A´£¨Ñ³Ì¦h¹F 4 TB ªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¡A¥H¤Î¦Ü¦h¥i¨ì 255 ­Ó¦r¤¸ªøªºÀÉ¦W¡C
\item ¸g¥Ñ¤@¯S®íªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¨ú¥Î MS-DOS ¤À³Î°Ï(©Î OS/2 FAT ¤À³Î°Ï)³z©ú¤Æ:
§A¤£»Ý­n¥ô¦ó¯S§Oªº«ü¥O¨Ó¨Ï¥Î MS-DOS ¤À³Î°Ï¡A¥¦¬Ý°_¨Ó´N¹³¬O¤@´¶³qªº Unix ÀÉ®×¨t²Î(°£¤F¥i¯ºªºÀÉ¦W­­¨î¡A¤ÎÅv­­µ¥µ¥)¡C
MS-DOS 6 ªºÀ£ÁY¤À³Î°Ï¥Ø«e¨S¦³­×¸É(dmsdosfs)ªº±¡ªp¤UµLªk¨Ï¥Î¡CVFAT(WNT, Windows 95) ¤Î FAT-32 ¦b Linux 2.0 ¤w¶}©l¤ä´©¡C
\item ¯S®íªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¥s UMSDOS ¥i¥HÅý Linux ¦w¸Ë¦b¤@ DOS ªºÀÉ®×¨t²Î¸Ì¡C
\item °ßÅªªº HPFS-2 ¤ä´© for OS/2 2.1
\item HFS (Macintosh) ÀÉ®×¨t²Î¤ä´©¥i¥H³æ¿Wªº¼Ò²Õ¨Ï¥Î¡C
\item CD-ROM ÀÉ®×¨t²Î¥iÅª¨ú©Ò¦³¼Ð·Ç®æ¦¡ªº CD-ROMs.
\item TCP/IP ºô¸ô¡A¥]§t ftp, telnet, NFS, µ¥µ¥¡C
\item Appletalk ¦øªA¾¹
\item Netware «È¤áºÝ¤Î¦øªA¾¹
\item Lan Manager/Windows Native (SMB) «È¤áºÝ¤Î¦øªA¾¹
\item ³\¦hºô¸ô¨ó©w: ¦b³Ì·sµo®iªº®Ö¤ß¤¤¥]§tªº°ò¥»¨ó©w¦³ TCP, IPv4, IPv6, AX.25, X.25, IPX, DDP (Appletalk), Netrom, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C
Ã­©wªº®Ö¤ß¤¤¥Ø«e¥]§tªºÃ­©wªººô¸ô¨ó©w¦³ TCP, IPv4, IPX, DDP, and AX.25.
\end{itemize}







\section{µwÅé»Ý¨D}


\subsection{³Ì¤p°t¸m}

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³o­ÓÀ³¸Ó¥i¥HÅý§A±Ò°Ê»P´ú¸Õ¥¦¬O§_¯à¦b¨º³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¹B§@¡A¦ý§AµLªk°µ¥ô¦ó¦³¥Îªº¨Æ±¡¡C
Linux ªº³Ì¤p°t¸m¥i°Ñ¨£ \nameurl{http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html}{}¡C

¬°¤F¯à°µ¤@¨Ç¨Æ±¡¡A§A·|·Q­n¤@¨ÇµwºÐªÅ¶¡¡A5 ¨ì 10 MB À³¸Ó¨¬°÷¤@³Ì¤pªº¦w¸Ë(¥u¥]§t³Ì­«­nªº«ü¥O¤Î©Î³\¤@­Ó¨ì¨â­Ó¤pªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p¡A²×ºÝ¾÷µ{¦¡)¡C
³o¤´µM¬O«D±`¡A«D±`¨ü­­ªº¡A¦Ó¥B«D±`¤£µÎªAªº¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥¼¯d¤U¨¬°÷ªºªÅ¶¡¨Ó°µ¥ô¦ó¨Æ¡A°£«D§AªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬Û·í¦³­­¡C
¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¨Ã¤£«ØÄ³¦p¦¹¡A°£¤F´ú¸Õ¥¦¬O§_¯à¹B§@¡A¥H¤Î·íµM¥i¥H®³¨Ó¸Ø¤f»¡¥u»Ý­n³o»ò¤pªº¸ê·½¡C




\subsection{¥i¥Î°t¸m}

¦pªG§A·Q®³¨Ó¶]»Ý¤j¶q­pºâªºµ{¦¡¡A¨Ò¦p gcc, X ¤Î TeX, §AÀ³¸Ó·|·Q­n¤@­Ó¤ñ 386SX/16 §ó§Öªº³B²z¾¹¡A¦ý§Y¨Ï¬O 386SX/16 ¦pªG§A¦³­@¤ßªº¸Ü¥¦¤]À³¸Ó°÷¥Î¤F¡C

¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¦pªG§A¤£¥Î X ªº¸Ü§A·|¦Ü¤Ö·Q­n 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó­Y­n¶] X ªº¸Ü¦Ü¤Ö­n 8 MB.
ÁÙ¦³¡A¦pªG§A·Q¦P®É¦³¦n´X­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A©Î¦P®É°õ¦æ¦n´X­Ó¤j«¬µ{¦¡(¨Ò¦p½sÄ¶)¡A§A¥i¯à·|·Q­n¶W¹L 4 MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C
¥¦¦b§ó¤Öªº°O¾ÐÅé¤W¤´¥i¯à¹B§@¡A¦ý¥¦·|¨Ï¥ÎµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé(¨Ï¥ÎµwºÐ§@¬°{\bfseries ºCªº}°O¾ÐÅé)¦Ó¨º·|ÅÜ±o¤ÓºC¦ÓÃø¥H¨Ï¥Î¡C
¦pªG§A¦P®É¨Ï¥Î³\¦hµ{¦¡¡A16 MB ±N·|­°§C¤j¶qªººÏºÐ¥æ´«¡C¦pªG§A¤£·QÅý¥æ´«¦b¥¿±`­t¸ü¤U¥i³Q¬dÄ±¡A32 MB ¹ï¤@­Ó¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀ³·|¨¬°÷¤F¡C
¦pªG§A¤@¦¸°õ¦æ¦h­Ó»Ý¨D°O¾ÐÅéªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A64 MB ¥i¥HÁ×§K±¼¤j¶qªº¥æ´«¡C
·íµM¡A¦pªG§A°õ¦æ®ø¯Ó¤j¶q°O¾ÐÅéªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A§A¤]³\·|»Ý­n§ó¦h¡C

§A»Ý­nªºµwºÐ®e¶qµø§A·Q­n¦w¸Ë¤°»ò³nÅé¦Ó©w¡C°ò¥»ªº Unix ¤u¨ã¡Ashells ¤Î¥¦ºÞ²zµ{¦¡À³¸Ó¤Ö©ó 10 MB, ÁÙ­n¦³¤@³¡¥÷ªºªÅ¶¡µ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌÀÉ®×¡C
¤@­Ó§¹¾ãªº¨t²Î¡A¨ú¥Î Red Hat, Debian, ©Î¨ä¥¦ªº®M¥ó¡A§A¥i¯à·|»Ý­n 60 ¨ì 600 MB, ¬Ý§A¿ï¾Ü¦w¸Ë¤°»ò¥H¤Î§A¨ú±o¤°»ò®M¥ó¦Ó©w¡C
¦A¥[¤W§A­n«O¯dµ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºªÅ¶¡¡C¦b¤µ¤éªºµwºÐ»ù®æ¤U¡A¦pªG§A­n¶R¤@·sªº¨t²Î¡A¨S¦³²z¥Ñ¶R¤@­Ó¤Ó¤pªºµwºÐ¡C
¦Ü¤Ö¶R 2 GB, ³Ì¦n 4 GB ©Î§ó¦hªº¡A¦Ó§A±N¤£·|«á®¬¡C
Linux ¥i¥H´r§Ö¦a³B²z«D±`¤j®e¶qªººÏºÐ¾÷¡A¨Ò¦p³Ìªñ¬y¦æªº 11 GB IDE µwºÐ©Î 18 GB ªº SCSI µwºÐ¡C

¥[¤W§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A§ó¦hªºµwºÐ¡A¤@­Ó§ó§Öªº³B²z¾¹¤Î¨ä¥¦ªºªF¦èµø§Aªº»Ý­n¦Ó©w¡A§Æ±æ¤Î¹wºâ­n»·¶W¹L¶È¶È¥i¥Îªºµ{«×¡C
¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¤@¶µ DOS »P Linux ¬Û·í¤jªº®t²§¬O Linux ¼W¤j°O¾ÐÅé·|¦³«Ü¤jªº¤£¦P¡A¦Ó¦b DOS ¤W§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¨Ã¨S¦³¤Ó¤jªº¤£¦P¡C
³o·íµM¬O¥Ñ©ó DOS ªº 640 KB ­­¨î¡A³o¦b Linux ¤W¬O§¹¥þ¤£¦s¦bªº¡C




\subsection{¤ä´©ªºµwÅé}

\begin{description}
\item[CPU:] \mbox{}

¥ô¦ó¥i°õ¦æ 386 «OÅ@¼Ò¦¡µ{¦¡ªºªF¦è¡C©Ò¦³«¬¸¹ªº 386s, 486s, Pentiums, Pentium Pros, Pentium IIs ¤Î¬Û®e´¹¤ù³£À³¯à¹B§@¡C
286 ¤Î§óÂÂªº¤]³\¦³¤@¤Ñ¥i¦b¤@¸û¤pªº®Ö¤ßºÙ¬° ELKS(Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset) ¤U³Q¤ä´©¡A¦ý§O´Á±æ·|¦³¬Û¦Pªº¯à¤O¡C)
µ¹ 680x0 CPU ªºª©¥»(¨ä¤¤ {\itshape x\/} = 2 ­n¦³¥~³¡ MMU, 3, 4, ¤Î 6)¥i¦b Amigas ¤Î Ataris ¤W°õ¦æªº¥i¦b tsx-11.mit.edu ªº 680x0 ¥Ø¿ý¤U§ä¨ì¡C
³\¦h DEC Alphas, SPARCs ¤Î PowerPC ¾÷¾¹³£³Q¤ä´©¡C²¾´Ó¨ì ARM, StrongARM ¤Î MIPS ¬[ºc¤W¥¿¦b¶i¦æ¤¤¡C§ó¦hªº²Ó¸`¥i¦b§O³B§ä¨ì¡C



\item[¬[ºc:] \mbox{}

PCI, ISA, EISA ¤Î VLB ¶×¬y±Æ¡CMCA(mostly true blue PS/2's) ªº¤ä´©ÁÙ¤£§¹¾ã¦ý¥¿§ïµ½¤¤(¨£¤U­z)¡C
Linux ¹ïµwÅéªº­n¨D¤ñ DOS, Windows, ¥H¤Î¨Æ¹ê¤W¤j³¡¥÷¨ä¥¦ªº§@·~¨t²ÎÁÙ­n°ª¡C
³oªí¥Ü»¡¬Y¨Ç¦b°õ¦æ¨ä¥¦­n¨D¸û§Cªº§@·~¨t²Î¤£·|¦³°ÝÃDªº³Ì§CµwÅé¥i¯à¦b¶] Linux ®É·|¥¢±Ñ¡CLinux ¬O¬Û·í¦nªº°O¾ÐÅé´ú¸Õ¾¹...



\item[RAM:] \mbox{}

¦b Intel ¥­¥x¤W¦Ü¦h¥i¨ì 1 GB; ¦b 64-bit ªº¥­¥x¤W¥i¦³§ó¦h¡C
¬Y¨Ç¤H(¥]¬A Linus ¥»¤H)¤w¸gª`·N¨ì¼W¥[ RAM ¦Ó¤£¦P®É¼W¥[§ó¦hªº§Ö¨ú°O¾ÐÅé·|¨Ï¥L­Ìªº¾÷¾¹ÅÜ±o«ÜºC¡A¦]¦¹¦pªG§A¼W¥[¤F°O¾ÐÅé¦Óµo²{§Aªº¾÷¾¹ÅÜºC¤F¡A¸ÕµÛ¥[¤W§ó¦hªº§Ö¨ú°O¾ÐÅé¡C
¬Y¨Ç¾÷¾¹¥u¯à§Ö¨ú¬Y¨Ç¼Æ¶qªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¤£½×¦w¸Ë¤F¦h¤Öªº RAM (64 MB ¬O³Ì¦h´¹¤ù¯à§Ö¨úªº)¡C
®Ö¤ß 2.0.35 ¤Î§ó¦­ªº¦b¶W¹L 64 MB °O¾ÐÅéªº¾÷¾¹¤W»Ý­n±Ò°Ê®É´Áªº°Ñ¼Æ¡A¦]¬° BIOS ­ì¥ý³Q³]­p¬°µLªk³ø§i¶W¹L 64MB ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C
³Ìªñªº 2.1.x ®Ö¤ß¤Î¥H«áªº¥i¥H°»´ú¨ì§ó¦hªº°O¾ÐÅé¡C



\item[¸ê®ÆÀx¦s³]³Æ:] \mbox{}

¤@¯ëªº AT ºÏºÐ (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD controllers with MFM or RLL, or ESDI) ¬O¤ä´©ªº¡ASCSI µwºÐ¤Î¥úºÐ¾÷¤]³£¤ä´©¡A¥u­n¦³¤@³Q¤ä´©ªº SCSI ¥d¡C¤@¯ëªº XT ±±¨î¾¹ (8 bit controllers with MFM or RLL) ¤]³£¤ä´©¡C
¤ä´©ªº SCSI ¥d¦³: Advansys, Adaptec 1542, 1522,
1740, 27xx, and 29xx ¨t¦C(¦³¨Ç¨Ò¥~), Buslogic MultiMaster
and Flashpoint, NCR53c8xx-based controllers, DPT controllers, Qlogic ISP and FAS controllers,
Seagate ST-01 and ST-02, Future Domain TMC-88x
series (or any board based on the TMC950 chip) and
TMC1660/1680, Ultrastor 14F, 24F and 34F, Western Digital
wd7000, and others.  SCSI, QIC-02, ¤Î¤@¨Ç QIC-80 tapes ¤]¤ä´©¡C
°£¤F IDE ¤Î SCSI ªº CD-ROM ¥~¡A¦n´XºØ±MÄÝ¤¶­±ªº CD-ROM ¸Ë¸m¤]³£¤ä´©¡A¥]¬A Matsushita/Panasonic, Mitsumi, Sony, Soundblaster, Toshiba, ATAPI (EIDE), SCSI, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C
·Q¤F¸Ñ½T¹êªº«¬¸¹¡A¬d¾\ \onlynameurl{Hardware compatibility HOWTO}¡C
{\bfseries ª`·N}¡A³o¥÷¦Cªí¨Ã¤£§¹¾ã¡A¦Ó¥B¥Ã»··|¦p¦¹¡Cµo¦æ®M¥óªº¼t°Ó·|ºûÅ@¤@¥÷§ó·sªº¦Cªí¡C



\item[µø°T:] \mbox{}

VGA, EGA, CGA, ©Î Hercules (¤Î¬Û®eªº)¥i¦b¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡¹B§@¡C
¹Ï«¬¼Ò¦¡¤Î X µøµ¡¡A¤ä´©ªº¦³(¦Ü¤Ö)´¶³qªº VGA, ¬Y¨Ç super-VGA ¥d(¤j³¡¥÷¥Î Tseng, Paradise, ¤Î¬Y¨Ç Trident ´¹¤ùªº¥d), S3, 8514/A, ATI, Matrox, ¤Î Hercules.
(Linux ¨Ï¥Î XFree86 X server, ¦]¦¹³o¨M©w¤F¤°»ò¥d³Q¤ä´©¡C³æ³æ§¹¾ã¤w¤ä´©´¹¤ùªº¦Cªí´N¶W¹L¤F¤@­¶¡C°Ñ¨£ \nameurl{http://www.XFree86.org/}{}.)



\item[ºô¸ô:] \mbox{}

¤A¤Óºô¸ô¥d¤ä´©¥]¬A 3COM 503/509/579/589/595/905 (501/505/507 ¤]¤ä´©¦ý¤£«ØÄ³¨Ï¥Î)¡A
AT\&T GIS (ne\'e NCR) WaveLAN, most
WD8390-based cards, most WD80x3-based cards, NE1000/2000 ¤Î¤j³¡¥÷ªº¥é»s«~,
AC3200, Apricot 82596, AT1700, ATP, DE425/434/435/500, D-Link DE-600/620,
DEPCA, DE100/101, DE200/201/202 Turbo, DE210, DE422, Cabletron E2100
(¤£«ØÄ³), Intel EtherExpress (¤£«ØÄ³), EtherExpress Pro, EtherExpress 100, DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP PCLAN/plus,
most AMD LANCE-based cards, NI5210, ni6510, SMC Ultra, DEC 21040 (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet, 
©Ò¦³ Zircom ¥d¤Î©Ò¦³ Cabletron ªº¥d°£¤F E2100 ¤§¥~³£{\bfseries ¤£¤ä´©}¡A¦]¬°»s³y°Ó¤£Ä@·N§K¶Oªº¤½¶}µ{¦¡¼g§@ªº¸ê°T¡C

FDDI ¥Ø«e¤ä´©¥]¬A¨Ó¦Û DEC ªº DEF{\itshape xx\/} ¥d¡C

ÂI¹ïÂIºô¸ô¤ä´©¥]¬A¤F PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, and PLIP. PPP ¤ä´©¥]¬A¼Ð·Çªº«D¦P¨B¸Ë¸m¹³¼Æ¾Ú¾÷¡A¥H¤Î¦P¨B¼Ò¦¡³s½u¦p ISDN.

¦³­­ªº Token Ring ¤ä´©¤w¥i¨ú±o¡C



\item[¦ê¦C¸Ë¸m:] \mbox{}

¤j³¡¥÷ 16450 ¤Î 16550 UART-based ªO¡A¥]¬A AST Fourport, the Usenet Serial Card II, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C
´¼¼z«¬¦ê¦CªO¤ä´©¥]¬A Cyclades Cyclom ¨t¦C (¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä´©), 
Comtrol Rocketport ¨t¦C (¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä´©), Stallion (¤j³¡¥÷; ¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä´©), 
¥H¤Î Digi (¬Y¨Çª©; ¥Ñ»s³y°Ó¤ä´©)¡C¬Y¨Ç ISDN, frame relay, ¤Î±M½uµwÅé¤]¤ä´©¡C



\item[¨ä¥¦ªºµwÅé:] \mbox{}

SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16,
Gravis Ultrasound, ¤j³¡¥÷¨ä¥¦ªº­µ®Ä¥d¡A¤j³¡¥÷(¥þ³¡?)¬y¦æªº¶×¬y±Æ·Æ¹«(Microsoft, Logitech, PS/2), µ¥µ¥¡C

\end{description}





\section{²¾´Óµ{¦¡¤Î¨ä¥¦³nÅéªº¤£§¹¾ã¦Cªí}

¤j³¡¥÷¤@¯ëªº Unix ¤u¨ã¤Îµ{¦¡¤w¸g³Q²¾´Ó¨ì Linux ¤W¡A¥]¬A¤F´X¥G©Ò¦³ GNU ªºªF¦è¤Î³\¦h¤£¦P¨Ó·½ªº X «È¤áºÝµ{¦¡¡C
¹ê»Ú¤W¡A©Ò¿×ªº²¾´Ó³q±`¥u¬O¤@¥y¸Ü¡A¦]¬°³\¦hµ{¦¡¥iª½±µ¦b Linux ¾÷¾¹¤W½sÄ¶¦Ó¤£»Ý­n­×§ï¡A©Î¥u»Ý­n«Ü¤pªº­×§ï¡A¦]¬° Linux «D±`¿í´` POSIX¡C
¹ï¥ô¦ó§@·~¨t²Î¨Ó»¡¥Ã»·¨S¦³¨¬°÷ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡A¦ý¬O Linux ¦³·U¨Ó·U¦h²×ºÝ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ(end-user)¤Î¦øªA¾¹ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¡C
©M§A³ßÅwªº°Ó·~ Unix À³¥Îµ{¦¡ªº¨ÑÀ³°ÓÁpÃ´¸ß°Ý¥L­Ì¬O§_±N¥¦²¾´Ó¨ì Linux ¤W¡C

³o¸Ì¦³¥÷¤wª¾¯à¦b Linux ¤W¹B§@³nÅéªº¤£§¹¾ã¦Cªí:

\begin{description}
\item[°ò¥»ªº Unix «ü¥O:] \mbox{}

{\ttfamily ls}, {\ttfamily tr}, {\ttfamily sed}, {\ttfamily awk} µ¥µ¥(§A¯à»¡±o¥X¦W¦rªº¡ALinux ¤j·§´N¦³)¡C



\item[µo®i¤u¨ã:] \mbox{}

{\ttfamily gcc}, {\ttfamily gdb}, {\ttfamily make}, {\ttfamily bison},
{\ttfamily flex}, {\ttfamily perl}, {\ttfamily rcs}, {\ttfamily cvs}, {\ttfamily prof}.



\item[»y¨¥¤ÎÀô¹Ò:] \mbox{}

C, C++, Objective C, Java, Modula-3,
Modula-2, Oberon, Ada95, Pascal, Fortran, ML, scheme, Tcl/tk, Perl, Python,
Common Lisp, ¤Î³\¦h¨ä¥¦ªº¡C



\item[¹Ï§ÎÀô¹Ò:] \mbox{}

GNOME ¤Î KDE (®à­±Àô¹Ò), X11R5 (XFree86 2.x), X11R6 (XFree86 3.x), MGR.



\item[½s¿è¾¹:] \mbox{}

GNU Emacs, XEmacs, MicroEmacs, {\ttfamily jove}, ez,
{\ttfamily epoch}, {\ttfamily elvis} (GNU vi), {\ttfamily vim}, {\ttfamily vile}, {\ttfamily joe},
{\ttfamily pico}, {\ttfamily jed}, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C



\item[Shells:] \mbox{}

{\ttfamily bash} (POSIX sh-compatible), {\ttfamily zsh} (¥]§t {\ttfamily ksh} ¬Û®e¼Ò¦¡),
{\ttfamily pdksh}, {\ttfamily tcsh}, {\ttfamily csh}, {\ttfamily rc},
{\ttfamily es}, {\ttfamily ash} (¤j³¡¥÷ sh-¬Û®eªº shell ¦b BSD ¤W·í°µ {\ttfamily /bin/sh} ¨Ó¥Î), ÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¡C



\item[³q°Tµ{¦¡:] \mbox{}

PPP, UUCP, SLIP, CSLIP, §¹¾ãªº TCP/IP ³q°T¤u¨ã¶°¡A
{\ttfamily kermit}, {\ttfamily szrz}, {\ttfamily minicom}, {\ttfamily pcomm},
{\ttfamily xcomm}, {\ttfamily term} (runs multiple shells, redirects network activity, and allows remote X, all over one modem line),
Seyon («D±`¨üÅwªïªº X Window ³q°Tµ{¦¡),
¥H¤Î¼Æ­Ó¶Ç¯u¤ÎÁn­µ¶l¥ó(¨Ï¥Î ZyXEL ¤Î¨ä¥¦¼Æ¾Ú¾÷)®M¥ó³£¦³¡C·íµM¡A»·ºÝ¦ê¦C¤Îºô¸ôÃ±¤J¤]¤ä´©¡C



\item[·s»D¤Î¶l¥ó³nÅé:] \mbox{}

C-news, {\ttfamily innd}, {\ttfamily trn}, {\ttfamily nn}, {\ttfamily tin},
{\ttfamily smail}, {\ttfamily elm}, {\ttfamily mh}, {\ttfamily exmh}, {\ttfamily pine}, {\ttfamily mutt}, µ¥µ¥¡C



\item[¤å¦r³B²z³nÅé:] \mbox{}

TeX, {\ttfamily groff}, {\ttfamily doc}, {\ttfamily ez}, LyX, Lout,
Linuxdoc-SGML, ¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¡C



\item[¹CÀ¸:] \mbox{}

Nethack, ¼Æ­Ó Muds ¤Î X ¹CÀ¸¡A¥H¤Î¤j¶q¨ä¥¦ªº¹CÀ¸¡C©Ò¦³¹CÀ¸¥i¦Û tsx-11 ¤Î sunsite ¨ú±o¡C



\end{description}


©Ò¦³³o¨Çµ{¦¡³£¥i§K¶O¨ú±o(¦Ó³o¨ÇÁÙ¤£¤Î©Ò¦³ªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤@)¡C°Ó·~³nÅé·U¨Ó·U¦h; ¸ß°Ý§A³ß·Rªº°Ó·~³nÅé¨ÑÀ³ªÌ¥L­Ì¬O§_¤ä´© Linux.




\section{½Ö¨Ï¥Î Linux?}

Linux ¥i§K¶O¨ú±o¡A¦Ó¨S¦³¤H»Ý­n±N¥L­Ìªº«þ¨©¦V¥ô¦ó¤¤¥¡·í§½µù¥U¡A¦]¦¹«ÜÃøª¾¹D¦³¦h¤Ö¤H¦b¨Ï¥Î Linux.
¼Æ®a¤½¥q¥Ø«e³æ¿W´£¨Ñ³c½æ¤Î¤ä´© Linux¡A¦Ó Linux ·s»D¸s²Õ¬Oºô»Úºô¸ô¬Y¨Ç³Q«D±`¤j¶q¾\Åªªº¸s²Õ¤§¤@¡A¦]¦¹³o­Ó¼Æ¥Ø¤j·§¦b¦Ê¸U¤§ÃÐ¡A¦ý¹ê»Úªº¼Æ¦r«ÜÃø¦ô­p¡C
³Ì¨Îªº¥«³õ½Õ¬dÅã¥Ü¤j¬ù¦b 750 ¸U¨ì 1100 ¸U¤H¤§¶¡¡C

¦³­Ó«i´±ªº³Ã¥ë¡AHarald T. Alvestrand $<$\onlynameurl{Harald.T.Alvestrand@uninett.no}$>$ ¨M©w­n¸Õ¤@¸Õ¥Î³Ì§xÃøªº¤è¦¡­pºâ Linux ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Æ¥Ø: ¤@­Ó¤@­Ó¼Æ¡C
¦pªG§A·Q³Q­pºâ¬°¤@­Ó Linux ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A½Ð¨Ï¥Î \nameurl{http://counter.li.org/}{} ¤Wªº web forms µù¥U¡C
°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A§AÁÙ¥i¥H°e¤@°T®§¨ì \onlynameurl{linux-counter@uninett.no}¡A¼ÐÃD¬O¤U¦C¨ä¤¤¤§¤@:
`I use Linux at home', `I use Linux at work', ©Î `I use Linux at home and at work'¡C
¥L¤]±µ¨ü`²Ä¤TªÌ(third-party)'ªºµù¥U; ¦V¥L¸ß°Ý¸Ô±¡¡C

¥L¨C­Ó¤ë±N¥Lªº­p¼Æ©ñ¨ì \nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.misc}{}; ¤]¥i±q \nameurl{http://counter.li.org/}{} ¨ú±o¡C




\section{¨ú±o Linux}


\subsection{°Î¦W FTP}

­n§K¶O´²§Gªº Linux ¤å¥ó¡A°Ñ¨£ Linux ¤å¥ó­pµe(Linux Documentation Project, LDP)¯¸¥x¡A¦b \nameurl{ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/}{} ¤Î \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/}{}¡C

{\bfseries Ä¶µù}: ­n¨ú±o Linux ªº¤¤Ä¶¤å¥ó¡A°Ñ¨£ CLDP, \onlynameurl{http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/}¡C

¶i¤@¨Bªºµo®iª`·N¨ì \nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.announce}{} ·s»D¸s²Õ¡C

¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤U¦C°Î¦Wªº FTP ¯¸¥x¦³ Linux.

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
Textual name                   Numeric address  Linux directory
=============================  ===============  ===============
tsx-11.mit.edu                 18.172.1.2       /pub/linux
sunsite.unc.edu                152.2.22.81      /pub/Linux
ftp.funet.fi                   128.214.248.6    /pub/Linux
net.tamu.edu                   128.194.177.1    /pub/linux
ftp.mcc.ac.uk                  130.88.203.12    /pub/linux
src.doc.ic.ac.uk               146.169.2.1      /packages/linux
fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de     129.187.200.1    /pub/linux
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de  131.159.0.110    /pub/comp/os/linux
ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de         137.226.4.111    /pub/linux
ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de  137.226.225.3    /pub/Linux
ftp.Germany.EU.net             192.76.144.75    /pub/os/Linux
ftp.lip6.fr                    132.227.77.2     /pub/linux
ftp.uu.net                     137.39.1.9       /systems/unix/linux
wuarchive.wustl.edu            128.252.135.4    mirrors/linux
ftp.win.tue.nl                 131.155.70.100   /pub/linux
ftp.stack.urc.tue.nl           131.155.2.71     /pub/linux
srawgw.sra.co.jp               133.137.4.3      /pub/os/linux
cair.kaist.ac.kr                                /pub/Linux
ftp.denet.dk                   129.142.6.74     /pub/OS/linux
NCTUCCCA.edu.tw                140.111.1.10     /OS/Linux
nic.switch.ch                  130.59.1.40      /mirror/linux
sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch        193.5.24.1       /mirror/linux
cnuce_arch.cnr.it              131.114.1.10     /pub/Linux
ftp.monash.edu.au              130.194.11.8     /pub/linux
ftp.dstc.edu.au                130.102.181.31   /pub/linux
ftp.sydutech.usyd.edu.au       129.78.192.2     /pub/linux
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




tsx-11.mit.edu ¤Î fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de ¬O Linux's GCC ªº¥¿¦¡¯¸¥x¡C
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Red Hat Linux ¤Î Debian ¤w¸g¦¨¬°¥Ø«e³Ì¨üÅwªïªº®M¥ó¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b¬ü°ê¬O¦p¦¹¡C




\subsection{CDROM}

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°ò¥»¤W¦³¨âºØ¤è¦¡¥iÁÊ¶R¤@­Ó Linux ®M¥óªº CDROM: FTP ¯¸¥x¤@³¡¥÷ªºÀÉ®×¥]¸Ë¡A©Îª½±µ¦V»s³y°ÓÁÊ¶R¡C
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\subsection{¨ä¥¦¨ú±o Linux ªº¤èªk}

¦³³\¦hªº BBS ¦³ Linux ÀÉ®×¡C¥¦­Ìªº¤@¥÷¦Cªí¸g±`¤½§G¦b comp.os.linux.announce ¤W¡C¦VªB¤Í©Î¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¹ÎÅé­n¡A©Î¬O­q¤@¥÷°Ó·~®M¥ó¡C
³o¨ÇªF¦èªº¤@­Ó¦Cªí¥]§t¦b Linux Distribution HOWTO, ¥i¥Ñ \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html}{} ¨ú±o¡A¦Ó¥B©w´Á¤½§G¦b \nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.announce}{} ·s»D¸s²Õ¤W¡C






\section{Linux ªºªk«ßª¬ªp}

ÁöµM Linux ´£¨Ñ¤F§¹¾ãªº­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¡A¥¦¤´¬O¦³ª©Åvªº³nÅé¡A¦Ó«D¤½¯q³nÅé¡C
µM¦Ó¡A¥¦¬O¦b GNU General Public License ¤U§K¶O¨ú¥Îªº¡A¦³®É­Ô¤]ºÙ¬°``copyleft''¡C°Ñ¨£ GPL ¥H¨ú±o§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C
¦b Linux ¤W°õ¦æªºµ{¦¡¨C¤@­Ó³£¦³¥¦¦Û¤vªºª©Åv¡AÁöµM³\¦h¤]¬O¨Ï¥Î GPL ªº¡C
X ¨Ï¥Î MIT X ª©Åv¡A¦Ó¤@¨Ç¤u¨ã¬O¦b BSD ªºª©Åv«Oïæ¤U¡C
¤£½×¬O¦óºØ±¡ªp¡A©Ò¦³±q FTP ¯¸¨ú±oªº³nÅé³£¥i§K¶O¦Û¥Ñ¦a´²§G(¤£µM¥¦¤]¤£·|¦b¨º¨à¤F)¡C




\section{Ãö©ó Linux ªº·s»D}

¦³¤@¥»¥s {\itshape Linux Journal\/} ªºÂø»x¦b¥|¦~«e´Nµo¦æ¤F¡C
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­q¾\¬d¸ß¥i±H¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì \onlynameurl{subs@ssc.com} ©Î¶Ç¯u¨ì(¬ü°ê) 1-206-782-7191¡A©Î¥´¹q¸Ü¨ì +1-206-782-7733¡A©Î±H«H¨ì Linux Journal, PO Box 85867, Seattle, WA 98145-1867 USA¡C
SSC ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó PGP public key¡A¥Î¨Ó±N§Aªº¹q¤l¶l¥ó½s½X¥H«OÅ@§Aªº«H¥Î¥d¸¹½X; ¥Î {\ttfamily finger info@ssc.com} ¥H¨ú±o¦¹ key¡C



¦³³\¦hµ¹ Linux ªº Usenet ·s»D¸s²Õ¡AÁÙ¦³³\¦h¶l»¼¦Cªí¡C°Ñ¨£ Linux FAQ ¥H±o¨ì§ó¦hÃö©ó¶l»¼¦Cªíªº¸ê°T(§AÀ³¸Ó¥i¦b·s»D¸s²Õ©Î FTP ¯¸¥x¤Wµo²{³o¥÷ FAQ)¡C



\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.announce}{} ¬O¤@­Ó¨üºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A¥Î¨Óµo§GÃö©ó Linux ªº®ø®§(·sµ{¦¡¡A¿ù»~­×¥¿µ¥µ¥)¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.answers}{} ¬O¤@­Ó¨üºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A¥Î¨Óµoªí Linux FAQ, HOWTO ¤å¥ó¤Î¨ä¥¦ªº¤å¥ó¥Îªº¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.admin}{} ¬O¤@­Ó¥¼ºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A¥Î¨Ó°Q½× Linux ¨t²ÎªººÞ²z¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.development.system}{} ¬O¤@­Ó¥¼ºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A±Mªù¥Î¨Ó°Q½× Linux ªº{\bfseries ®Ö¤ß}µo®i¡C
°ß¤@¥i¥H¦b¨º¸Ì°Q½×ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡µo®i°ÝÃD¬O»P®Ö¤ß±K¤Á¬ÛÃöªº¡C
©Ò¦³¨ä¥¦ªºµo®i°ÝÃD¦h¥b¬O¤@¯ëªº Unix µo®i°ÝÃD¦ÓÀ³³Q©ñ¨ì comp.unix group¡A°£«D¥¦­Ì¬O»P Linux ¦³ÃöªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡°ÝÃD¡A³oºØ±¡§Îªº¸Ü°ÝÃDÀ³©ñ¨ì comp.os.linux.development.apps¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.development.apps}{} ¬O¤@­Ó¥¼ºÞ¨îªº·s»D¸s²Õ¡A±Mªù¥Î¨Ó°Q½× Linux ¬ÛÃöªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡µo®i¡C
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\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.hardware}{} ¬Oµ¹ Linux ¬ÛÃöªºµwÅé°ÝÃD¥Îªº¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.networking}{} ¬Oµ¹ Linux ¬ÛÃöªººô¸ôµo®i¤Î«Ø¥ßªº°ÝÃD¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.x}{} ¬Oµ¹»P Linux ¦³Ãöªº X Windows ªº°ÝÃD¡C

\nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.misc}{} ¬O¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N comp.os.linux¡A¥Î¨Óµ¹¤£ÄÝ©ó¥ô¦ó¨ä¥¦¤è­±ªº Linux °Q½×¡C

¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A{\bfseries ¤£­n}¦b Linux ·s»D¸s²Õ¤W­«½Æµoªí(crosspost)¤å³¹¡C
{\bfseries °ß¤@}¾A¦X­«½Æµoªíªº¬O°¸¦Óµo§G¦b¤@¥¼ºÞ¨îªº¸s²Õ¤Î \nameurl{news:comp.os.linux.announce}{} ªº¤å³¹¡C
±N comp.os.linux ¤À³Î¬°³\¦h¸s²Õªº¥D­n­ì¦]¬O¬°¤F­°§C¨C¤@¸s²Õªº¤å³¹¬y¶q¡C
¤£¿í¦u³o¶µ³W«hªº¸Ü±N·|¾D­P¥L¤H²@¤£¯d±¡ªº©áÀ»¡K

Linux ªººô­¶ URL ¦b \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/}{}¡C




\section{¥¼¨Ó®i±æ}

¦b Linux 1.0 µo¦æ¤§«á¡A¤w¸g¦³³\¦h¼W±jªº¤u§@¡C
Linux 1.2 ¥]¬A¤F¥[³tºÏºÐ¨ú¥Î¡ATTY §ïµ½¡AµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅé¼W±j¡A¦h¥­¥x¤ä´©¡Aquotas, ¤Î§ó¦h¡C
Linux 2.0, ¥Ø«eªºÃ­©wª©¥»¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦hªº¼W±j¡A¥]¬A¤F³\¦h®Ä²vªº§ïµ½¡A¼Æ­Ó·sªººô¸ô¨ó©w¡A¤@­Ó¥@¬É¤W³Ì§Ö¤§¤@ªº TCP/IP ¹ê§@¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦h¡A§ó¦h¡C
§ó°ªªº®Ä²v¡A§ó¦hªººô¸ô¨ó©w¡A¤Î§ó¦hªº¸Ë¸mÅX°Êµ{¦¡±N¦b Linux 2.2 ¥X²{¡C

ÁöµM¤w¦³¶W¹L 75 ¸U¦æªºµ{¦¡½X¦b®Ö¤ß¤§¤¤¡A¤´¦³³\¦hªºµ{¦¡½X¡AÁÙ¦³§ó¦hªº¤å¥óµ¥µÛ­n¼g¡C
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°e¹q¤l¶l¥ó¨ì majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu, «H¥ó¤º®e({\bfseries ¤£¬O}¼ÐÃD)¥u§t¤@¦æ¦r``help''¡C




\section{¥»¤å¥ó}

¥»¤å¥ó¥Ñ Michael K. Johnson $<$\onlynameurl{johnsonm@redhat.com}$>$ ©ÒºûÅ@¡C
½Ð±N¥ô¦ó·N¨£°eµ¹§Ú¡A¤£½×¦h¤p³£¦æ¡C¨S¦³§AªºÀ°§U§ÚµLªk±NºûÅ@¦¹¤å¥óªº¤u§@°µ¦n¡C
¥»¤å¥óªº³Ìªñª©¥»Á`¥i¦b \nameurl{http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/}{} §ä¨ì¡C

{\bfseries ¦pªG±z¹ï¤¤Ä¶ª©¦³¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD½Ð»P ¶À§Ó°¶ $<$\onlynameurl{cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw}$>$ ÁpÃ´¡C}
³Ì·sªº¤¤Ä¶ª©¥»¥i¦b \onlynameurl{http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/INFO-SHEET.html} ¨ú±o¡C




\section{ªk«ßÁn©ú}

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{\bfseries ­ì¤å}



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